John Bull at His Studies c. 1799

"John Bull at His Studies" is a satirical cartoon created by S.W. Fores in 1799, and currently housed in the Art Institute of Chicago. John Bull, a personification of the British public, is depicted as a bewildered man struggling to understand the intricacies of an Income Tax document. His furrowed brow and open mouth reflect the frustration and confusion felt by many at the time regarding new tax laws. The Guardian Angel hovering above him with a harp provides a counterpoint, symbolizing the guidance and hope offered in the midst of political and financial challenges. This artwork provides insight into the socio-political climate of late 18th-century England through its use of allegory and humor.