Tribute of Edward III to Philip 1460

Jean Fouquet painted this miniature, *Tribute of Edward III to Philip*, with ink and tempera on parchment around 1455-1460. The fleur-de-lis, a stylized lily, blankets the scene as a powerful symbol of French royalty and divine right. Originally associated with the Virgin Mary and adopted by the French monarchy in the 12th century, the fleur-de-lis became deeply entwined with national identity and the mystique of kingship. This emblem is not merely decorative; it is a visual assertion of power, a cultural touchstone that resonates through centuries. We see the symbol echoed in countless royal portraits and architectural details, each time reaffirming a lineage and legacy. The enduring presence of the fleur-de-lis evokes an unconscious connection to a glorious past, stirring feelings of national pride and continuity. Its psychological impact lies in its ability to tap into a shared cultural memory, reinforcing collective identity and emotional bonds. The fleur-de-lis thus persists, a testament to the cyclical nature of symbols and their power to shape perceptions across time.