The Crucifixion with Four Angels c. 1475

Martin Schongauer created this engraving, "The Crucifixion with Four Angels," using black ink on paper. The composition immediately draws the eye to the figure of Christ on the cross, rendered with meticulous detail. Below, the arrangement of Mary and John provides a grounding presence. Schongauer’s use of line is particularly striking. Notice how the density of the lines varies to create shadow and volume, giving the figures a sculptural quality. The cross-hatching technique, evident in the drapery and landscape, adds depth and texture to the scene. The dramatic curves of the angels contrast with the angular lines of the cross. The composition also employs a structured approach. The central placement of the cross anchors the scene, while the flanking figures of Mary and John create a balanced symmetry. This interplay between symmetry and dynamic line work underscores the emotional weight of the crucifixion, inviting contemplation on themes of suffering, sacrifice, and redemption.