This is a page from the ‘Newes Modelbuch in Kupffer,’ printed sometime around 1600, by Johann Sibmacher. It's an instruction manual, essentially, printed using ink on paper. The book presents a variety of intricate patterns, all achieved through the precise technique of engraving. Notice the repeating geometric shapes, organized within carefully ruled borders, as if they were a modular system. These designs were intended as templates for artisans producing luxury textiles, needlework, and other decorative objects. The ‘Newes Modelbuch’ thus gives us a glimpse into a world of highly skilled labor, where pattern books were a vital resource for disseminating design. The printing process itself involved a division of labor. There would have been the artist who drew the designs, the engraver who cut the metal plate, and the printer who ran off the impressions. Each stage demanded specific expertise. In turn, the designs would have been copied by many makers. Sibmacher’s book reminds us that all objects – even those we think of as unique works of art – are born out of material processes and social relationships.