Studies of the foetus in the womb 1513

Leonardo da Vinci made these pen and ink studies of the foetus in the womb around 1511 in Italy. Here, the artist combines scientific observation with artistic skill, reflecting the values of the Renaissance. These drawings were not made for public display, but rather for the purpose of anatomical study. During this time, the Catholic Church still exerted considerable influence, which meant dissection and study of the human body was a fraught affair. Leonardo had to seek special permissions and keep his work largely private. We can see how Leonardo was interested in challenging the established scientific dogma through observation and documentation of the human body, and perhaps even critiquing the power of institutions in limiting access to scientific knowledge. As historians, we can use documents from Leonardo’s notebooks, letters, and other historical sources to understand more about the social conditions that shaped his approach to art and science. The meaning of this drawing isn't just in its aesthetic beauty, but also in what it tells us about the complex relationship between art, science, and society.