Candlestick (Sham'dan) with Scenes of Monthly Labors c. 13th century

This brass candlestick, or Sham’dan, with scenes of monthly labors, was made by an anonymous artist at an unknown date. The imagery on this object would have originally communicated the patron’s wealth and taste to those who saw it. Looking closely, we can see finely rendered scenes of agricultural work, courtly pastimes, and astrological symbols. The choice of bronze and the detailed engraving are visual cues of affluence. This piece provides some insight into the material culture of its time. By studying the iconography used, we can consider the knowledge this patron would have wanted to convey about their position in society. Historians can use manuscripts, literature, and archaeological records to learn more about the social and institutional contexts in which objects like this one were produced and used. Understanding the relationship between art and social structures enables us to appreciate the complex meanings that this candlestick may have had for its original audience.