“- In my opinion: as long as there are Indians populating India... - But what do you want to replace them with?… - With Auvergnats… they settle everywhere!,” plate 451 from Actualités 1857

This lithograph was made by Honoré Daumier, who lived in 19th century France. Lithography is a printmaking technique that uses a flat stone or metal plate on which the image areas are worked using a greasy substance so that the ink will adhere to them, while the non-image areas are made ink-repellent. Looking at the image, you can see the incredible level of detail Daumier was able to achieve with this medium. He used the grease pencil to create a wide range of tones, from the deep blacks of the figures' clothing to the light grays of the background. The lithographic process allowed Daumier to produce multiple copies of his images quickly and efficiently. Daumier worked at a time when printmaking was becoming increasingly industrialized. His prints were often published in newspapers and magazines, making them accessible to a wide audience. As a result, Daumier's work reflects the social and political concerns of his day, dealing with themes of class, labor, and politics. Here, the print addresses French colonialism, with a satirical edge. Understanding its materials, processes, and social context is key to understanding the full meaning of this artwork, challenging traditional distinctions between fine art and craft.