Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil, from the Rulers, Flags, and Coats of Arms series (N126-1) issued by W. Duke, Sons & Co. 1888

This small chromolithograph of Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil, was produced around 1888 by W. Duke, Sons & Co. Note the prominent display of national symbols. The Brazilian coat of arms features a cross, reminiscent of the cross carried by the Portuguese Order of Christ, linking the image of the Brazilian Emperor to a long history of exploration and conquest. The crown atop the shield denotes imperial authority, while the branches of coffee and tobacco represent Brazil's agricultural wealth. Consider the enduring power of the cross. From ancient solar symbols to its adoption as the central emblem of Christianity, the cross is seen here not just as a religious symbol, but also a marker of identity, authority, and cultural heritage. It has resurfaced, evolved, and taken on new meanings, influencing the collective memory and engaging viewers on a deep, subconscious level.