Oscar II, King of Sweden and Norway, from the Rulers, Flags, and Coats of Arms series (N126-1) issued by W. Duke, Sons & Co. 1888

This lithograph of Oscar II, King of Sweden and Norway, was produced by W. Duke, Sons & Co. as part of a series showcasing world leaders. But rather than being displayed in a museum or gallery, this image would have been found in a packet of tobacco. Made in the United States, this commercial artwork reflects the growing global awareness and expanding consumer culture of the late 19th century. The inclusion of national symbols, like the coat of arms and flag, speaks to the rise of nationalism and the celebration of national identity. The portrait of Oscar II, adorned with military regalia, presents an image of power and authority, but its placement on a tobacco card also democratizes it, bringing it into the realm of everyday life. Understanding this image requires us to examine the history of advertising, the rise of tobacco culture, and the circulation of images in mass media. Through these investigations, we can better understand the complex social and cultural forces that shaped its creation and reception.