Emperor Ming Huang and Yang Guifei c. 1600

This screen, attributed to Kano Naganobu, depicts Emperor Ming Huang and Yang Guifei amid a courtly gathering, painted with ink, color, and gold leaf on paper. The pine tree, a prominent motif, stands tall and steadfast, symbolizing longevity and virtue in Chinese culture, much like the oak in European traditions. Observe how the pine's evergreen nature embodies resilience and immortality, a concept echoed in ancient Roman art where laurel wreaths signified eternal glory. This symbol transcends cultural boundaries, reappearing throughout history in various forms, from the Tree of Life in ancient Mesopotamian art to the Yggdrasil in Norse mythology. The emotional resonance of such symbols engages viewers on a deep, subconscious level, tapping into collective memories and shared human experiences. The pine's presence here is not merely decorative; it’s a powerful force, subtly reinforcing the Emperor's authority and the enduring nature of his reign. Over time, its meaning has evolved, yet the underlying theme of steadfastness remains, resurfacing in different contexts to convey resilience.