A Short History: General James Ewell Brown Stuart, from the Histories of Generals series (N114) issued by W. Duke, Sons & Co. to promote Honest Long Cut Smoking and Chewing Tobacco 1888

This lithograph card, made by W. Duke, Sons & Co. to promote tobacco, depicts General James Ewell Brown Stuart of the Confederate Army. Note the stars on Stuart's collar, symbols of military rank and leadership, but also markers of a specific, and now contested, historical narrative. Consider how stars, as potent symbols, appear across cultures—from ancient Mesopotamian depictions of deities to their modern usage in national flags. The star carries a celestial association, often linked to destiny and guidance. Yet, in Stuart's context, these stars represent a nation divided, embodying ideals that perpetuate notions of heroism tied to a cause now viewed critically. Observe the soldier in action, an anonymous figure juxtaposed against the celebrated general, caught in a moment of conflict. The imagery is designed to evoke a visceral, perhaps even subconscious, response, glorifying military action. Yet, this card reminds us of the shifting interpretations of symbols, their endurance, and their capacity to embody conflicting cultural memories.