Chilon, Spartan Philosopher and Councilor 1596

This print of Chilon, the Spartan philosopher and councilor, was made by Jan Muller, a Dutch artist, in the late 16th or early 17th century. At this time, the concept of the philosopher was being recuperated as an image of integrity that could lend authority to a ruler. In this image, Chilon’s heavy brow and downward gaze, along with the Latin inscription 'Know Thyself', signal the importance of introspection. In the 16th century, many Northern European artists like Muller turned to classical antiquity for their subject matter. The rediscovery of classical texts during the Renaissance had led to a renewed interest in the art and culture of ancient Greece and Rome. Muller's print of Chilon reflects this broader cultural trend. As art historians, we can look at the publishing history of this print to learn more about its cultural impact. We might also research the classical sources that inspired Muller's depiction of Chilon. Ultimately, the meaning of this artwork is inseparable from its historical and institutional context.