Jacob Gaudaur, Oarsman, from World's Champions, Series 1 (N28) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes 1887

This small lithograph was produced by Allen & Ginter, a Richmond, Virginia, cigarette firm, as part of a series called "World's Champions." A transfer lithograph like this begins with a design drawn on coated paper, which is then transferred to a lithographic stone or metal plate. The print is a product of industrial capitalism – mass-produced, and distributed as a promotional item. The image captures oarsman Jacob Gaudaur. The success of Gaudaur, like that of Allen & Ginter, depended on the strenuous application of human energy. The lithographic process required not only the work of the artist, but also that of numerous laborers in the factory. While it is easy to overlook such a modest object, it really exemplifies the commodification of labor. By focusing on the processes used to create this piece, we can understand the cultural and social factors that influenced its creation, and question traditional ideas that distinguish art from craft.