Innocent XI (Benedetto Odescalchi, 1611-1689), Pope 1676 [obverse] 1678

This is a bronze medal portraying Innocent XI, crafted by Giovanni Martino Hamerani, showcasing the Pope in profile, adorned in papal vestments. The circular form itself is reminiscent of ancient Roman coinage, evoking ideas of power and authority. The Pope’s headdress is a direct symbol of his spiritual and temporal power, resonating with similar head coverings worn by rulers and religious figures across various cultures. This motif appears in countless depictions of authority figures throughout history, from pharaohs to emperors, each carrying its own cultural nuances yet universally signifying leadership. Think of the crown, a secular version of this symbol of power. These symbols are not merely decorative, they tap into a deep collective memory, subconsciously influencing our perception of authority. The artist is not just portraying an individual but engaging with a visual language that has been refined over centuries, proving that history is always present, constantly resurfacing and informing our understanding of the present.