Verzoeking van de duivel 1611

Theodoor Galle’s engraving presents us with a scholar beset by temptation, crafted with ink in the late 16th or early 17th century. Here, the dominant symbol is the monkey-like demon, a motif steeped in ambiguity. Monkeys, historically, have been used as symbols of base desires and mimicry. We see the monkey reflected in earlier works— a commentary on humanity's lower nature. In Galle's image, the monkey holds a candle, its light a false illumination tempting the scholar away from his virtuous work. Consider the “simia Dei”— the “ape of God”. This concept, explored through centuries, depicts the Devil as an imitator of divine creation, a twisted reflection meant to deceive. The emotional weight of this image lies in its recognition of inner conflict. The scholar's focus wavers, drawn to the flickering flame, a visual metaphor for the seduction of knowledge turned towards darkness. This echoes through time, from medieval morality plays to modern psychological dramas, reminding us of the ceaseless battle between intellect and instinct. The symbol’s cyclical progression highlights our shared, enduring struggle with temptation.