St. Jerome and the Lion 1490

Hans Memling painted ‘St. Jerome and the Lion’ on a wood panel, sometime in the late 15th century. Memling, a master of the Early Netherlandish style, likely employed a meticulous layering of oil paints to achieve the luminous quality seen here. Notice how the oil medium allows for a remarkable control of detail, from the lion’s textured fur, to the subtle gradations of light on Jerome's robes. The smooth surface of the panel supports this high level of finish, a hallmark of the period, and the red pigment used for Jerome's garments would have been particularly prized for its vibrancy and cost, signaling the patron’s wealth. Memling’s virtuosity in manipulating these materials is evident, showcasing not only his technical skill, but also the cultural values attached to material richness and the artistic labor involved in creating such refined works. By understanding these material elements, we gain a deeper appreciation for the historical context and artistic achievement of this painting, challenging any easy separation of craft and fine art.