Saint Zebedee 

Victor Müller made this drawing of Saint Zebedee in the 19th century, using humble materials: paper and charcoal. Charcoal is such a basic medium, just burnt wood, but look at the range of effects Müller coaxes from it. See the soft grey tones defining the figure’s form, achieved by gently rubbing the charcoal? Now compare that with the dark, energetic scribbles creating the cloud he sits upon. The artist really worked this drawing, building up layers to give it depth and drama. This wasn’t just casual sketching, it was about the artist getting into the act of creation. Note the loose but confident handling of the charcoal, and the way it captures the Saint's pensive mood. By drawing attention to the artistry involved, Müller elevates the status of the image, offering the viewer an insight into the labor involved in creating the artwork. Ultimately, Müller is asking us to look beyond the image to understand the value of the maker’s hand, breaking down traditional hierarchies between fine art and craft.