Portret van paus Marcellus II 1590 - 1665

This engraving by Friedrich van Hulsen immortalizes Pope Marcellus II. The papal attire, rich with symbolic weight, presents a fascinating study in power and piety. Consider the papal tiara surmounting the image; it is a potent emblem of the pontiff’s threefold authority. This headdress, with roots stretching back to ancient Persian and Greek crowns, was adopted by the papacy to symbolize dominion over the spiritual, temporal, and purgatorial realms. This visual assertion of power recalls similar displays of authority found in ancient empires, echoing the divine right of kings. Yet, the tiara’s evolution shows a fascinating tension between spiritual humility and earthly power, a dichotomy that resonates in the collective psyche and continues to provoke discussion. It is a cyclical play between the sacred and the secular, demonstrating the enduring ability of symbols to evolve and reflect humanity’s complex relationship with power and faith.