Man with stern expression in profile to left 1645

This print of a man in stern profile was made in 1645 by Wenceslaus Hollar, a Bohemian printmaker active in 17th century Europe. It engages with ideas of artistic legacy and the role of the artist within society. Hollar's image creates meaning through its visual codes and historical associations, referencing Renaissance portraiture and paying tribute to Leonardo da Vinci. The inscription “Leonardo da Vinci inv.” tells us that this is an interpretation of an original work by the Italian Renaissance master. In 17th century Europe, dominated by powerful monarchies and religious institutions, art was crucial to defining cultural identity, conveying status, and constructing historical narratives. By associating himself with Leonardo, Hollar elevates his own status as an artist. To understand this print better, we can research the history of portraiture, the role of printmaking in disseminating images, and the cultural politics of 17th century Europe. The meaning of art is always contingent on its social and institutional context.