Lillian Russell, from the Actresses series (N245) issued by Kinney Brothers to promote Sweet Caporal Cigarettes 1890

This photograph of Lillian Russell is from the Actresses series, a promotional item distributed by Kinney Brothers with Sweet Caporal Cigarettes. The late 19th century saw the rise of celebrity culture, and the image of Lillian Russell, a popular stage performer, was used to market products and to enhance brand identity. Here, Russell’s carefully constructed persona invites us to think about the dynamics of celebrity, gender, and commerce. As a performer, Russell was admired for her beauty and talent, yet her image, reproduced on these cards, also became a commodity in its own right. The card participated in the circulation of images which shaped ideas about femininity and success during this period. Consider the subtle ways her beauty is captured: her elegant poise, elaborate costume, and delicate features conform to a specific, idealized standard of beauty. This card served not only to sell cigarettes but also to reinforce and disseminate particular ideals of beauty and femininity, influencing the cultural landscape of the time.