Alexander II of Russia 1881

Konstantin Egorovich Makovsky painted this portrait of Alexander II of Russia using oil paints. Here, the artist uses traditional materials to render a familiar type of image, the formal portrait of a powerful man. Consider how the application of paint is used to convey texture, from the heavy gold braiding on the Tsar’s uniform to the soft fur of his dog. It’s clear that many hours of labor were involved. Makovsky had to mix his pigments precisely, using his skills to convey the sitter’s status. The very act of commissioning this painting speaks to notions of class, labor, and production. In essence, the Tsar is consuming Makovsky’s skill, as well as his own image as a symbol of power. Paying close attention to materials, making, and context allows us to understand the full meaning of an artwork, challenging distinctions between fine art and craft.