Plate 15: Civilis Treating with a Roman Commander, from The War of the Romans Against the Batavians (Romanorvm et Batavorvm societas) 1611 - 1612

Antonio Tempesta created this print, “Civilis Treating with a Roman Commander,” as part of a series called “The War of the Romans Against the Batavians.” The print depicts a tense parley between Civilis, the leader of the Batavian rebellion, and a Roman commander. Originating in the late 16th century, Tempesta's work reflects the period's fascination with classical history, reimagined through the lens of contemporary political struggles. But it also reflects the dynamics between colonizer and colonized. The Batavians, who inhabited the area now known as the Netherlands, rose up against Roman rule in 69 AD. Civilis, a Batavian nobleman, led a fierce and initially successful revolt, fueled by resentment over Roman taxation, conscription, and cultural oppression. This image captures a pivotal moment of negotiation, loaded with implications of power, resistance, and cultural identity. It invites reflection on the enduring themes of colonialism and the fight for self-determination. The print speaks to the complexities of cultural exchange and conflict, revealing the ways in which identity can be both a source of pride and a battleground for liberation.