Tenjin on His Way to China c. mid 18th century

Hakuin Ekaku rendered *Tenjin on His Way to China* with ink on paper. The composition is sparse, almost minimal, yet possesses a dynamic energy. Observe how the thick, bold brushstrokes define the figure of Tenjin, while the calligraphic text above seems to float, creating a visual counterpoint. The lines vary in weight and texture, from fluid and light to dense and forceful, which animate the composition and suggest movement. The empty space surrounding the figure is as important as the drawn elements; it invites contemplation and balances the overall design. This use of emptiness, or *ma*, reflects a deep understanding of Zen aesthetics. The asymmetry and spontaneity in Hakuin's brushwork challenge conventional notions of representation. Rather, the artwork captures the essence of Zen practice, emphasizing intuition and direct experience over static form. Note how the materiality of ink and paper further enhances the artwork’s effect, with subtle variations in tone and texture adding depth and nuance. The interplay between line, space, and materiality invites a continuous re-evaluation of form and meaning.