Rhetoric: a young woman standing in a decorated interior with a caduceus in her right hand and a closed fan in her left hand, from "The liberal arts" (Les arts liberaux) 1633 - 1635

This engraving, "Rhetoric," by Gilles Rousselet, made in the 17th century, depicts a young woman embodying the art of persuasive speaking within a richly decorated interior. It reflects the cultural values of the time, where rhetoric was highly esteemed. Consider the artist's position in a society governed by strict social norms. Here, the figure of Rhetoric is personified by an elegantly dressed woman. Gender is crucial here, because at the time women were excluded from political and intellectual life, yet here, woman is depicted as skilled in the art of persuasion. The caduceus in her right hand symbolizes eloquence, while the closed fan in her left suggests composure and control, virtues often associated with femininity at the time. Is this artwork challenging or reinforcing traditional representations of gender and power? While seemingly celebrating a woman's rhetorical skill, it also confines her to certain behavioral expectations. Think about how it shapes our understanding of the relationship between gender, intellect, and social expectations during the 17th century.