Mask for Egungun (Ere Egungun) c. late 19th century

This "Ere Egungun" mask was created by the Yoruba people, and is made of wood and pigment. The mask represents a human face with scarification marks, topped by a brimmed helmet and bird. The material here is absolutely key. The selection of wood would have been determined by the specific cultural function of the mask, its availability, and the ease with which it could be carved. Working with wood is a skilled practice that yields an enormous range of forms. Here, the artisan has used subtractive techniques to produce the face, likely using tools like adzes or chisels to bring the mask to life. Such traditions are deeply significant, carrying with them cultural values and meanings that extend far beyond mere aesthetics. Appreciating the work, labor, and cultural context involved challenges our typical understanding of art, and invites us to consider the rich tapestry of human creativity.