Zelfportret c. 1858

This self-portrait was made by Willem de Famars Testas, although the precise dating and medium are unknown. It is very likely to have been produced with photography, a relatively new medium in the 19th century. The portrait presents Testas in what appears to be North African or Middle Eastern clothing. This choice isn't accidental, as Testas was known for his Orientalist paintings. During the 19th century, European artists often depicted the "Orient" – the Middle East and North Africa – through a lens of exoticism and cultural difference. The wearing of such clothing was common among artists who travelled to these regions, imbuing themselves with authenticity. Testas's self-portrait speaks to the complicated relationship between European artists and the cultures they depicted, where elements of cultural appropriation and romanticism are present. As art historians, we consider the artist’s biography, as well as period writings to better understand this work and its social and institutional context.