"Asvatthama Fires the Narayana Weapon (Cosmic Fire) at the Pandavas", Folio from a Razmnama 1591 - 1642

This folio from a Razmnama, now at the Met, was made by 'Abd al-Rahim using opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper. It illustrates a scene of cosmic fire. The painting’s vividness owes a great deal to the artist’s mastery of the materials. Consider the gold detailing, applied meticulously to create highlights and texture. The opaque watercolors, ground from minerals and plants, give depth to the figures and landscape. The artist's skill in layering these materials creates a sense of depth and movement. The production of such a manuscript was a collaborative affair, involving not only the painter but also calligraphers, illuminators, and papermakers. This division of labor reflects the highly organized workshops of the Mughal court. The creation of this Razmnama was a significant investment, intended to enhance the patron's cultural and political standing. Appreciating the materials and making processes allows us to fully understand its cultural value.