Polyhymnia c. 1592

This engraving, "Polyhymnia," was created by the Dutch artist Hendrick Goltzius in 1592. Goltzius, known for his mastery of engraving and his interest in classical mythology, portrays Polyhymnia, the muse of sacred poetry and hymns. The image depicts the muse seated, holding a caduceus, the staff entwined with serpents, a symbol of her power. Polyhymnia's serene expression and her contemplative pose, which reflects her role as the muse of hymns, are highlighted by the masterful use of light and shadow.