Mars and Venus Surprised c. 1615

"Mars and Venus Surprised" (c. 1615) is an engraving by Dutch artist Hendrick Goltzius (c. 1558–1617). The artwork depicts the Roman god of war, Mars, and the goddess of love, Venus, caught in an embrace by the god Vulcan, Venus's husband, who is shown in the upper left corner, wielding a hammer. In the background, Cupid stands with his bow and arrow, symbolizing the power of love and passion. The work is a powerful testament to Goltzius's mastery of the engraving technique, exhibiting intricate detail and skillful use of light and shadow. It is a classic example of the Mannerist style, characterized by exaggerated poses and dramatic lighting.