"Buzurjmihr Masters the Hindu Game of Chess", Folio 639v from the Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Shah Tahmasp 1505 - 1560

This vibrant page, created by Abu'l Qasim Firdausi, comes from the Shahnama, or Book of Kings. It’s an epic poem that narrates the history of Persia. Here, we see Buzurjmihr, a Persian sage, mastering chess, a game which originated in India. The painting exemplifies the cross-cultural exchanges that were central to the historical imagination of the time. We observe the figures adorned in colorful robes, seated around an elaborate game board, framed by intricate architectural details and lush landscapes. Chess here transcends mere entertainment, becoming a symbol of intellect, strategy, and cultural exchange. In the Shahnama, such displays of wisdom and skill are integral to defining a ruler’s legitimacy and cultural power. Firdausi uses the game to reflect on the qualities of leadership and the importance of cultural knowledge in shaping identity.