Illustration for the epic "Volga" 1904

Ivan Bilibin created this illustration for the epic "Volga" in 1904, teeming with symbols that resonate across cultures. Here, the serpent coiled around a tree bears the mark of the eternal struggle between order and chaos, reminiscent of ancient Near Eastern iconography. The mythical birds evoke the protective spirits found in various cultures, from the Far East to the Slavic lands. Even the geometric patterns bordering the image can be seen as echoes of ritualistic designs, acting as a symbolic barrier. Consider the serpent motif: In ancient Mesopotamia, it symbolized primordial chaos, while in ancient Greece, it was associated with healing and wisdom, as seen in the Rod of Asclepius. This motif is not static; it morphs, carrying different cultural and psychological weights. These images act as a powerful force, engaging viewers on a deep, subconscious level, as the collective memory subconsciously informs and influences their meaning. Such symbols demonstrate a non-linear progression. They resurface, evolve, and take on new meanings in different historical contexts.