Christ Disputing in the Temple 1568 - 1577

Editor: This engraving, "Christ Disputing in the Temple," made sometime between 1568 and 1577 by Orazio de Santis, portrays a young Jesus amidst learned figures. I am immediately struck by how all the figures are contained inside an interior setting; this adds a feeling of depth that keeps my attention, yet also makes me wonder, what narratives might this print communicate to its public audience? Curator: A pertinent question. Consider the Counter-Reformation context. This work’s detailed style adheres to its preference, while Mannerism is an ideal choice, given the artificial compositions that work so well here. Note that Christ is very visually highlighted, suggesting its potential religious symbolism. Do you think, with the social pressures of religious art at the time, de Santis successfully fulfills this representation of authority and power, given his medium choice of printmaking? Editor: The prominence of Christ is interesting to note. Thinking about distribution, an engraving makes religious imagery more widely accessible, right? Curator: Precisely! Prints served as powerful tools for disseminating ideology, reinforcing doctrine through visual means and thus this composition highlights what at the time were accepted conventions. However, prints also catered to varied socio-economic groups due to their access and relative cost. As the debates surrounding religious doctrine were occurring across the Western world at this time, this may not have just served religious institutions, but rather common folks who wished to further interpret Christian power. Editor: It’s fascinating how a single print can function on so many social levels. Thank you. Curator: Indeed, it makes me think about what impact and significance artists intended, and ultimately succeeded at creating during times of change.