This woodblock print, “A Music Party”, was made in Japan by an anonymous artist. The scene suggests a cultivated gathering – a moment of leisure enjoyed by members of a refined social class. We see figures in courtly dress, seated in a landscape, possibly composing or performing music. Behind them is an idealized natural setting, complete with waterfalls and flowering trees, and above them a set of calligraphic panels. But what does the absence of an identified artist tell us? The figure of the artist is a social construction. Understanding it means looking at the history of institutions such as academies and the art market. Here, perhaps, the print’s circulation was through informal networks, outside the established art world. The artwork may be commenting on the social structures of its own time. Is this an indication of amateurism? As historians, we need to look at the social conditions that shape artistic production. Understanding the cultural milieu, the economic system, and the politics of the time helps us better interpret the work before us.