Scene in the Campagna (Liber Studiorum, part VIII, plate 38) 1812

This print, titled "Scene in the Campagna," was made by J.M.W. Turner using etching and mezzotint. It's one of a series called *Liber Studiorum*, or "Book of Studies." Consider the process of mezzotint, which involves roughening the entire surface of a copper plate to create an even, dark tone. The artist then burnishes or scrapes away areas to produce lighter tones. This laborious method allowed for rich gradations of light and shadow, perfect for Turner's atmospheric effects. The image is printed in brown ink, mimicking the appearance of an old master drawing. The scene depicts the Roman countryside, with a classical ruin in the distance and a figure working in the foreground. The printmaking techniques used here speak to the amount of work involved in the production process. Turner's printmaking underscores the intense labor required to create this picturesque image, challenging the traditional divide between fine art and craft.