Gladiola: On the Defensive, from the series Floral Beauties and Language of Flowers (N75) for Duke brand cigarettes 1892

This commercial card, ‘Gladiola: On the Defensive’ made for Duke cigarettes, presents us with more than just a pretty floral arrangement; it offers a glimpse into the Victorian language of flowers. Here, the gladiola, boldly titled “On the Defensive,” traditionally symbolizes readiness, strength of character, and, intriguingly, a hint of defiance. The Victorians, masters of symbolism, used flowers to convey messages unspoken. The gladiola, with its sword-like leaves, stands tall, a floral warrior. We see echoes of this symbolism across time, from ancient gladiatorial combats to the heraldic use of swords representing bravery. Consider how such symbols evolve. The sword, once a literal weapon, becomes a metaphor for moral strength. The gladiola, in turn, borrows this martial imagery, subtly shaping our subconscious understanding of beauty and power. In this convergence, we witness the enduring human quest to find symbols that resonate with our deepest emotions and aspirations.