Dirham of Ghiyath al-Din Kai Khusrau II (r. 1237–46) 1218 - 1268

This is a Dirham of Ghiyath al-Din Kai Khusrau II, dating back to between 1237 and 1246. The silver coin's surface is dominated by the figures of a lion and sun, positioned above two stars. The imagery strikes a balance between power and cosmic symbolism. Note how the circular form is employed: it frames the composition, reinforcing a sense of unity and containment. Calligraphic inscriptions form an outer ring, bordering the figurative elements. This juxtaposition of text and image invites a semiotic interpretation. It's an exploration of the coin's function not just as currency, but as a declaration of sovereignty. The deliberate arrangement of celestial and terrestrial symbols seems to suggest a ruler divinely appointed and aligned with cosmic forces. The structural organization of the coin—the careful balance between image and text—speaks to a sophisticated understanding of visual communication. It suggests a world where power is expressed through carefully calibrated symbols and their arrangements.