Panoramic View of New York, from the East River 1844

Robert Havell Jr. made this print of New York City from the East River using aquatint and etching. Prints like this one, were critical to the development of a shared understanding of New York’s place in the new world, and its relation to established European powers. The image creates meaning through both what it includes and what it leaves out. For example, the prominence given to various types of boat speaks to New York's importance as a trading hub. We also see the development of new technologies, with a steamship shown in close proximity to sailing vessels. The society that produced this image was deeply invested in the idea of commerce and technological progress. But there are also issues of social stratification, and especially of slavery, that are not addressed in this celebratory view of the city. By studying historical materials like city directories, business records, and abolitionist newspapers, we can better understand both the promise and the limitations of this panoramic view.