Mountainous Coastal Landscape with Steep Cliffs on the Right c. 1660 - 1670

Roelant Roghman rendered this mountainous coastal landscape with ink and grey wash in the 17th century. Observe the imposing cliffs and waterfalls, elements that invoke the sublime power of nature. Such images reflect a broader cultural fascination with the wild and untamed. Consider the recurring motif of the rocky landscape across European art. We see it echoed in the works of Leonardo da Vinci, where rocks form a backdrop to human drama, symbolizing the enduring, often indifferent, force of the natural world. These elements are not mere scenery; they are active participants in a visual dialogue. The emotional impact of this landscape is profound. The vastness and roughness of the landscape evokes feelings of awe and perhaps a touch of melancholy, engaging viewers on a deeply subconscious level. This powerful visual language taps into our collective memories, reminding us of nature's eternal presence. These symbols resurface, evolve, and take on new meanings throughout history.