Hirte und Hirtin bei einem Esel 

Francesco Londonio made this drawing of a Shepherd and Shepherdess with a Donkey using pen and brown ink with gray wash. Throughout Europe in the 18th century, there was an idealization of country life that was popular with the elite. Londonio here draws on that cultural trend. We can look at the way Londonio uses ink wash to create a sense of depth and atmosphere to better understand the meaning of this image. Made in Italy, this drawing reflects the period's interest in pastoral themes. It evokes a sense of simplicity and harmony with nature. Londonio's choice of subject may gently critique the opulence of urban life by presenting a contrasting vision of rural contentment. Historians consult a range of sources to understand art, including period documents, social histories, and critical analyses. Art like this reminds us that its meanings are deeply embedded in the society and institutions that shape it.