Portret van Vincenzo Rigini 1803

This oval portrait of Vincenzo Rigini was made by Friedrich Wilhelm Bollinger, using a technique called stipple engraving. Look closely, and you'll see that the image is built up from thousands of tiny dots, which create smooth gradations of tone. This was achieved by systematically etching a copper plate with specialized tools. The skill required to render the likeness convincingly, and the time it must have taken, is truly impressive. Engravings like this were often made in multiples, and used as illustrations in books or as independent prints. What makes this example particularly interesting is that it collapses the boundary between the unique artwork and the mass-produced image. The detailed workmanship elevates it beyond mere reproduction, reminding us that even in processes designed for replication, there is always a role for the artist’s hand. In this way, 'Portret van Vincenzo Rigini' invites us to consider the social and economic contexts of art production, blurring distinctions between craft, art, and industry.