The Crucifixion with Donor Portraits of Wigand Märkel and His Family c. 1503 - 1505

This panel painting, of unknown date and authorship, depicts the crucifixion using oil paint, a relatively new medium at the time. Look closely, and you'll see how the artist has built up the forms through thin layers of color, using techniques like glazing to create luminous effects, especially in the robes of the Virgin Mary and Saint John. The subtle modeling of Christ's body also demonstrates a mastery of light and shadow. The technique is important here. Oil painting, though a "fine art" medium, was still very closely related to craft practice. The grinding of pigments, mixing of varnishes, and application of paint called for a workshop environment, with skilled labor contributing to the finished product. The inclusion of the donor portraits of Wigand Märkel and his family emphasizes the relationship between labor and the material art object. Märkel’s donation to the church enabled the creation of this artwork, which in turn commemorated his family's piety and status. This piece challenges the boundaries between art, craft, and social class.