Theresa Vaughn, from the Actors and Actresses series (N45, Type 8) for Virginia Brights Cigarettes 1885 - 1891

This photograph of Theresa Vaughn was produced by Allen & Ginter as a collectible insert for packs of Virginia Brights Cigarettes. The image is printed on thin card stock, a cheap material produced on a mass scale. The sepia tone comes from the photographic process used at the time, which relied on a chemical reaction to light. Photography, initially considered a high-tech medium, quickly became integrated into the processes of industrial capitalism. Allen & Ginter were pioneers in this, recognizing the potential of photographs as a promotional tool. The mass production of these cards speaks to the rise of consumer culture in the late 19th century. Just as with baseball cards today, the relative collectibility of the image contributed to the appeal of the product. It’s a reminder that materials, making, and context are crucial to understanding the full meaning of an artwork – even one as seemingly simple as this. It challenges the distinction between fine art and everyday commercial practice.