Woman in the Bathtub 1936

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner made this woodcut, "Woman in the Bathtub," during a period of intense artistic exploration in Germany. The Expressionist movement, to which Kirchner belonged, sought to convey emotions and subjective experiences through art, and Kirchner was eager to challenge existing social norms through his art. The stark contrast of black and white creates a sense of tension, mirroring the cultural and political unease of pre-war Germany. The geometric shapes surrounding the figure evoke a sense of fragmentation, perhaps commenting on the alienation of modern life, and referencing the influence of non-western art on the Die Brücke group to which Kirchner belonged. Art historians often consult period writings, manifestos, and exhibition reviews to understand the artist's intentions. By examining the social and institutional contexts in which art is made, we can better appreciate its power to challenge and reflect the complexities of its time.