Nativity (Holy Night, Christmas) 1520

Lucas Cranach the Elder painted this ‘Nativity’ on wood panel during the early 16th century. In this work, the oil paint is applied in thin layers, built up to create luminous effects, particularly noticeable in the way candlelight flickers across the figures. Cranach was a master of oil painting techniques, using the medium's versatility to achieve fine details and subtle gradations of tone. The choice of wood panel as a support was crucial: its smooth surface allowed for precise brushwork and a delicate rendering of textures. Consider the social context in which this painting was made. Cranach was a court painter, catering to the tastes of wealthy patrons. The Nativity scene was a popular subject during this period, reflecting the religious beliefs of the time, but also serving as a symbol of wealth and status. The labor involved in creating such a painting was considerable, from the preparation of the wood panel to the grinding and mixing of pigments. Looking closely at the materials and making of this artwork allows us to appreciate its aesthetic qualities. It also allows us to understand its cultural significance, and invites us to see beyond traditional distinctions between art and craft.