The West Front, Rouen Cathedral 1907

Joseph Pennell made this etching of The West Front of Rouen Cathedral using a precise and detailed approach to mark-making. It’s almost like a form of visual note-taking, recording a scene with incredible fidelity. Look at how Pennell renders the scaffolding. He focuses on the complexity of its structure, a temporary addition to the cathedral. The cathedral itself, with its ornate gothic details, contrasts with the stark simplicity of the scaffolding. It suggests a sense of time and change. Pennell captures the atmosphere of a bustling city square, with figures moving about. Each stroke contributes to the overall image, creating a sense of depth and texture. The marks almost vibrate on the surface. It reminds me of Piranesi, who used etching to create imaginary spaces and fantastical architectural constructions. Pennell’s print also invites us to consider how we see and interpret the world around us through the lens of art. It’s a beautiful example of how art can embrace ambiguity and multiple interpretations.