Three Women in Costume c. 19th century

Jules David created this watercolor, titled “Three Women in Costume,” in the 19th century. The artist’s chosen medium is revealing. Watercolor lends itself to the swift, economical rendering of luxury, as befits the fashion industry. The artist’s hand delivers quick, translucent washes of color, describing the weight and drape of luxurious fabrics. These are not traditional art materials but the everyday stuff of textiles and fashion, indicative of the close relationship between art, labor, politics, and consumption. The details included – elaborate braids, puffed sleeves, and layers of skirts – speak to the amount of work and skill involved in the production of high-end garments. They reflect both the aspirations of the wearer, and the labor of those who produced them. Paying attention to the materials and processes in this watercolor, we can begin to understand the broader social and cultural significance of the work. By challenging traditional distinctions between fine art and craft, we gain a richer understanding of its full meaning.