Reinhard Piper 1921

Max Beckmann drew this portrait of Reinhard Piper using graphite on paper. The soft gray lines build a likeness of the sitter, using the inherent qualities of graphite to describe form and shadow. Look at how Beckmann varies the pressure of the pencil to create depth, and the hatching to describe the fall of light on Piper's face and suit. Paper, of course, has been a ground for artistic expression for centuries, but graphite as a readily available material connects this drawing to broader social issues of labor and production. The amount of work involved in this kind of portrait is considerable. Graphite, as a medium, demands careful control and layering to achieve the desired effect. The artist builds tone through mark making and pressure. Considering materials, making, and context is essential to fully appreciating an artwork like this, and challenge the traditional distinctions between fine art and craft.