Marginal illustration for Erasmus 'In praise of Folly' 1515

Made with ink on paper by Hans Holbein the Younger, this marginal illustration for Erasmus' 'In Praise of Folly' presents a hooded figure holding up a mask. The mask, with its serene features, contrasts starkly with the figure's grotesque, almost bestial appearance. This dichotomy immediately introduces us to the theme of appearance versus reality. Masks have appeared across cultures from ancient Greek theatre to Venetian carnivals, serving as a powerful symbol for hidden identities. In Holbein's era, the motif tapped into the growing Renaissance humanism and its scrutiny of outward piety. One can trace it all the way back to ancient Roman theatrical performances. This symbol’s progression has been non-linear. It has resurfaced, evolved, and taken on new meanings in various historical contexts.