Bathory at Pskov 1872

Jan Matejko painted 'Bathory at Pskov' on canvas, likely in the 1870s, a time of intense national feeling in Poland. This historical painting depicts a key moment during the siege of Pskov, a city in Russia, by Polish forces in the late 16th century, with King Stefan Bathory at its center. Matejko uses visual codes to construct a narrative about Polish strength and diplomacy, showcasing a pivotal event in Polish-Lithuanian history when the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania formed a union. Consider the geography of Poland, caught between powerful neighbors and the cultural importance of its noble class. In the late 19th century, Poland was partitioned and under foreign rule. 'Bathory at Pskov', therefore, isn't just a history lesson. It's a reminder of past glory, reinforcing a sense of national identity during political turmoil. Art historians use sources like letters, diaries, and political pamphlets to understand the painting's context. By considering the social and institutional history around art like this, we gain insights into how cultural memory and national identity are constructed and reinforced.