The Last Defenders of Missolonghi, 22 April 1826: an episode from the Greek War of Independence 1826

Joseph-Denis Odevaere painted this oil on panel depicting "The Last Defenders of Missolonghi" sometime around 1826. It commemorates an episode from the Greek War of Independence, connecting contemporary events to the long history of European struggle for self-determination. The image presents a scene of impending doom within the besieged city. A Greek Orthodox bishop prepares to ignite gunpowder barrels, while other defenders, including embracing comrades, await their fate. Created in the aftermath of the actual event, the painting serves as a powerful piece of propaganda, idealizing the sacrifice of the Greeks and inspiring support for their cause. Odevaere leverages visual codes of heroism and religious devotion to stir emotions in the European public. Understanding the painting requires research into the socio-political context of early 19th-century Europe, including the rise of nationalism, the decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the role of Philhellenism among European intellectuals and artists. Studying period newspapers and pamphlets reveals how this imagery contributed to shaping public opinion and galvanizing political action. The artwork shows us that our understanding of art is contingent on its social and institutional context.